A warmer Norwegian Sea is normally more salty. In the last decade the water has been warm, but fresh. New research links this to the atmosphere and to less salt from the Atlantic.

Western Norway and Greenland followed the same course at the end of the Ice Age. Then their paths diverted. 

The Gulfstream makes northern Europe warmer by transporting heat. This is well known. New research shows that the sea surface temperature also affects storm tracks as far away as the Pacific.

A newly published study in Nature Communications shows an important new understanding of the climate system that will allow us to better understand past climate variability. The results were uncovered by expeditions between the North Pole and Antarctica.

During the last ice age's maximum, at a time when Scandinavia was covered by a gigantic ice sheet, ice-free conditions prevailed in the Polar Ural Mountains. John-Inge Svendsen writes about a unique climate archive from Arctic Russia.

Did you know that the El Niño Southern Oscillation is a phenomenon involving two-way interactions among the tropical basins? Noel Keenlyside writes about a new study.

The living conditions for marine microorganisms in the Southern Ocean may dramatically worsen by the end of the century. More acidic water can make their territories shallower.

A new study provides evidence of substantial variations in past sea ice cover in the Norwegian Sea, instrumental for several abrupt climate changes between 32,000 and 40,000 years ago. 

Climate change could bring about major disruption for the Indus River and for the millions of people who depend on it. Yet why is it still so challenging to forecast the future of the Indus’ water resources? Michel Mesquita, Lu Li and others investigate that in their new book chapter.

Even though weather forecasts have become very good over the last decades, you can sometimes be waiting for snow that never falls. A new study searches for the origins of an erroneous forecast.