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Sediments are archives of past climates – provided you know when they were deposited. Sevasti Eleni Modestou uses lead to clock past events.

Inland Antarctic ice contains volumes of water that can raise global sea levels by several metres. A new study published in the journal Nature shows that glacier ice walls are vital for the climate, as they prevent rising ocean temperatures and melting glacier ice.

"Imagine turning into a liquid on a hot summer day", writes Willem Van der Bilt. To avoid that, some algae change their body fat. Fat in fossile algae reveal that Svalbard was seven degrees warmer 10,000 years ago.

The conference Arctic Frontiers in Tromsø gathers politicians, business and scientists on Arctic issues the last week of January. Not in Tromsø? Find the live streams here. ​

Perhaps nowhere is the difference between cities and their surroundings greater than in the Arctic. Igor Ezau writes about a new study attempting to connect the environmental impact of Arctic cities with socio-economical decisions and policy governing city growth and decay.

Leaving Christmas preparations and northern winter storms behind, geologists from Bergen have travelled to the far south. On the Kerguelen Islands in the Southern Ocean, they will search for the westerlies of ancient times. 

Changing winds influence the heat exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean. A new study by Fumiaki Ogawa and Thomas Spengler shows how important it is to consider extratropical cyclones and cold air outbreaks when calculating air-sea fluxes.

In a number of European countries, there is a clear imbalance between long-term disaster risk reduction and short-term preparation, new study finds. More data allows for better planning, but is not enough. Jenny Sjåstad Hagen emphasizes the importance of data interoperability. 

The natural climate system has mechanisms that can abruptly trigger change. New research suggests that spontaneous cooling may have caused Arctic glaciers to grow long before the Little Ice Age, without external forcing.